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Select a topic below to explore independent field guides, equipment recommendations, and methodology overviews. New resources are added regularly.
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AFCI Errors & Arc Faults
Detection methods, AFCI requirements, and field testing approaches for series and parallel DC arc faults.
Bifacial Modules
Testing considerations for bifacial technology — rear-side irradiance measurement, bifaciality factors, and yield assessment.
Current
Short-circuit and operating current measurement with clamp meters, irradiance correction, and mismatch detection.
GFCI Errors & Ground Faults
Locating and characterising DC ground faults with insulation resistance testers and fault location equipment.
Inrush Current
Measuring and managing transient inrush current during inverter energisation, capacitor charging, and system startup sequences.
Insulation Resistance
DC insulation testing protocols, voltage selection, and IEC 62446 pass/fail thresholds for PV arrays.
IV Curve
String and module-level current-voltage characteristic analysis for commissioning and fault diagnosis.
Low Voltage Underground Faults
Detecting and locating faults in buried low-voltage DC cables — from combiner box wiring to underground string runs and AC collection circuits.
New Module Technology
Testing implications of TOPCon, HJT, perovskite, and tandem cell technologies — what changes in the field and why it matters.
RSDs & MLPEs
Which rapid shutdown devices and module-level power electronics can be tested through, which cannot, and what steps are required.
Series Resistance
Identifying elevated Rs from connector degradation, cell cracking, and solder bond failure using IV curve analysis.
Soiling
Measuring and monitoring soiling-related yield losses — sensors, methodologies, and cleaning interval optimisation.
Voltage
Open-circuit and operating voltage measurement, STC correction, and string voltage verification methods.